101 research outputs found
FORMULATION, OPTIMIZATION AND EVALUATION OF FLOATING TABLETS CLARITHROMYCIN
Objective: The present aim of this study was to formulate, optimize and evaluation of floating tablets of Clarithromycin.Methods: Floating tablets of Clarithromycin were formulated using polymer HPMC K15M with sodium bicarbonate as gas generating agent by wet granulation method. A 32 factorial design were applied to systematically optimize the drug release profile. The amount of citric acid (X1) and concentration of polymer HPMC K15M (X2) was selected as independent variables. The drug release at 6 hours (Q6) and drug release at 12 hour (Q12), and diffusion exponent (n) was selected as dependent variables.Results: The results of factorial design indicated that low level of HPMC K15M favors the preparation of floating controlled release of Clarithromycin tablets. The tablets were evaluated for thickness, hardness, weight variation, floating lag time, total floating time, swelling index, drug content uniformity and in vitro drug release in 0.1N HCL (pH 1.2). The in vitro dissolution profiles of all the prepared Clarithromycin floating drug delivery system formulations was found to extend the drug release over a period of 10 to 12 hours and the drug release rate decreased with increase in polymer concentration.Conclusion: It can be concluded that the decreased in citric acid concentration in the formulation showed decreased in drug release, this is due to citric acid reaction with sodium bicarbonate resulting generation of carbon dioxide gas at a faster rate, increased rate of drug release. Increasing the concentration of HPMC K15M resulted in reduction of drug release
The first sighting of LongmanтАЩs beaked whale, Indopacetus pacificus in the southern Bay of Bengal
Information on at-sea sightings of beaked wholes are rare from the Indian and Sri-Lankan waters because of the relative rarity of vessels working in deep oceans where these species are encountered. A recent survey onboard FORV тАШSagar SampadaтАЩ brought out the first confirmed sighting of live animals of LongmanтАЩs beaked whole. Indopacetus pacificus from the southern Bay of Bengal. The details of the sighting, illustrated with photographs are presented in this note
Integrating IoT and Novel Approaches to Enhance Electromagnetic Image Quality using Modern Anisotropic Diffusion and Speckle Noise Reduction Techniques
Electromagnetic imaging is becoming more important in many sectors, and this requires high-quality pictures for reliable analysis. This study makes use of the complementary relationship between IoT and current image processing methods to improve the quality of electromagnetic images. The research presents a new framework for connecting Internet of Things sensors to imaging equipment, allowing for instantaneous input and adjustment. At the same time, the suggested system makes use of sophisticated anisotropic diffusion algorithms to bring out key details and hide noise in electromagnetic pictures. In addition, a cutting-edge technique for reducing speckle noise is used to combat this persistent issue in electromagnetic imaging. The effectiveness of the suggested system was determined via a comparison to standard imaging techniques. There was a noticeable improvement in visual sharpness, contrast, and overall clarity without any loss of information, as shown by the results. Incorporating IoT sensors also facilitated faster calibration and real-time modifications, which opened up new possibilities for use in contexts with a high degree of variation. In fields where electromagnetic imaging plays a crucial role, such as medicine, remote sensing, and aerospace, the ramifications of this study are far-reaching. Our research demonstrates how the Internet of Things (IoT) and cutting-edge image processing have the potential to dramatically improve the functionality and versatility of electromagnetic imaging systems
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Stock assessment of seerfishes in the Indian seas
The annual average catch of seerfishes from the Indian seas was 45,0601 during
1995-'99, which constituted 1.8% of the total marine fish catch in India. State-wise
Gujarat (28.5%) was the major producer followed by Tamilnadu (15.8%), Maharashtra
(15.4%), Andhra Pradesh (11.4%) and Kerala (10.5%). Gill net is the dominant
gear in exploiting seerfish followed by trawl, hooks & line, boat seines, shore seines
and purse seines. Among the five species, the kingseer Scomberomorus commerson
(59.0%) and the spotted seer S. guttatus (35.1%) sustained the fishery, while the
streaked seer S.lineolatus and the wahoo Acanthocybium solandri formed only a
negligible portion of the fisher
The fishery, biology and stock assessment of jew fish resources of India
Sciaenids are one of the major component of the demersal
trawl The total catch of this resource during 1990-94 period was
1.50,142 t contributing 8.86% to the demersal catch of India. A
number of species are found in different states of India. Of which
biological and stock assessment studies were made on eleven important
species. Crustaceans and fish appear to be the chief food
in Juvenile and adult stage respectively. Most of the species have a
protracted spawning season. Among all the species studied the largest
asymptotic length was estimated for O.ruber from Tuticorin and
the smallest for J. sina from Cochin. The highest Z of 7.59 was
recorded for K. axillaris from Chennai and the lowest was for O.
cuvierifrom Mumbai. The average exploitation rate (E) and the Lc/
Lao was 0.62 and 0.53 respectively. The present yield is 91.222 t
and the MSY is 1.42,613 t for all the species taken together. The
exploitation rate for almost all the stocks in the states appears to be
more than the optimum leve
Status of exploitation of seerfishes in the Indian seas
Seerfish production from the Indian seas during the past five decades from 1950s to
1990s, showed an increasing trend. The annual catch increased from 4,505 t in
1953 to 54,8761 in 1998. The average annual catch during the five decadal periods
k-aried from 7,278 t in 1950-'59 to 41,575 t in 1990-'99 contributing 1.5% and
1.75% respectively to the total marine fish catch of India. However, the rate of
increase through the successive decades decreased indicating the attainment of op-
;imum level of production currently. During 1950-'59, the east coast contributed
more (60%) than the west coast (40%), which changed to 36:64 during 1990-'99.
iVmong the maritime states of India, Gujarat (25.88%), Maharashtra (16.09%),
familnadu (13.59%), Kerala (13.07%) and Andhra Pradesh (12.68%) were the prime
seerfish producers during 1990-'99. Gill net (64.8%) was the dominant gear, folowed
by trawl (17.4%) and hooks and line (4%) with an average catch rate of 8.1
<g/unit, 0.24 kg/hr and 3.7 kg/unit respectively during 1995-'99. Among the five
species, the fishery was sustained only by two species viz., the king seer
Scomberomorus commerson and the spotted seer S.guttatus
Fishery, biology and population characteristics of longtail tuna, Thunnus tonggol (Bleeker, 1851) caught along the Indian coast
The longtail tuna, Thunnus tonggol, Bleeker, 1851 is
an economically important species from commercial and
recreational point of view. The species inhabit shelf and
oceanic waters of tropical and temperate regions of the
Indo-Pacific between 47┬░ N and 33┬░ S (Froese and Pauly,
2009) and generally occupy neritic areas of the oceans close
to land masses (Yesaki, 1994)
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